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Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic poses a grave threat to refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs).
Fragility has become the reality in several countries of the Middle East and North Africa.
This briefing paper presents a case study of a Peepoo implementation in first phase humanitarian response.
When responding to an emergency situation, ensuring safe excreta disposal is an urgent priority in the disaster relief effort.
The cholera epidemic in Zimbabwe between 2008-2009 also came against a backdrop of water and sanitation infrastructure issues that r