GWC Helpdesk
Contact GWC
Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic poses a grave threat to refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs).
This discussion paper summarizes the results and implications of a study commissioned by the World Bank to conduct
Fragility has become the reality in several countries of the Middle East and North Africa.
When responding to an emergency situation, ensuring safe excreta disposal is an urgent priority in the disaster relief effort.