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Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic poses a grave threat to refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs).
This discussion paper summarizes the results and implications of a study commissioned by the World Bank to conduct
Appropriate and adequate sanitation solutions are crucial for the protection of human and environmental health in emergencies.
In order to ensure maximum consumer benefits (e.g.
Emergency water treatment approaches relying on coagulation vary from centralised modular and portable ‘‘kits’’ to ‘‘