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When water supplies are compromised during an emergency, responders often recommend household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS
Household water treatment (HWTS) methods, such as boiling or chlorination, have long been recommended in emergencies.
In order to ensure maximum consumer benefits (e.g.
The devastating earthquake of 2005 severely damaged over 4000 water and sanitation schemes in northern Pakistan.
Large-scale urban WASH programming requires different approaches to those normally employed in Oxfam emergency response activities.
The supply of adequate amounts of safe water for drinking and hygiene during natural disasters or armed conflict can be compromised
Emergency water treatment approaches relying on coagulation vary from centralised modular and portable ‘‘kits’’ to ‘‘
Batch water treatment consists of the intermittent use of settling tanks for water clarification, and is a common treatment practice
The Treguine refugee camp in Eastern Chad, is in a semi-arid terrain of hard, crystalline rock, where hard-rock boreholes proved ina