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Cholera remains a significant threat to global public health with an estimated 100,000 deaths per year.
Household water treatment (HWTS) methods, such as boiling or chlorination, have long been recommended in emergencies.
Point-of-use water treatment (PoUWT), such as boiling or chlorine disinfection, has long been recommended in emergencies.
The devastating earthquake of 2005 severely damaged over 4000 water and sanitation schemes in northern Pakistan.
Emergency water treatment approaches relying on coagulation vary from centralised modular and portable ‘‘kits’’ to ‘‘