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Background: Hygiene promotion is a cornerstone of humanitarian response during infectious disease outbreaks.
Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions are amongst the most crucial in humanitarian crises, although the impact of the
Household water treatment (HWTS) methods, such as boiling or chlorination, have long been recommended in emergencies.
The devastating earthquake of 2005 severely damaged over 4000 water and sanitation schemes in northern Pakistan.
The cholera epidemic in Zimbabwe between 2008-2009 also came against a backdrop of water and sanitation infrastructure issues that r