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Background. Diarrhoeal diseases are a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in humanitarian crises.
After the 2015 earthquake in Nepal that killed approximately 9,000 people, the country faced an increased risk of cholera outbreaks
Recent systematic reviews have highlighted a paucity of rigorous evidence to guide water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) intervention
Cholera remains a significant threat to global public health with an estimated 100,000 deaths per year.
Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions are amongst the most crucial in humanitarian crises, although the impact of the
Mount Sinabung erupted in September 2013, causing the mass evacuation of more than 30,000 people.
Household water treatment (HWTS) methods, such as boiling or chlorination, have long been recommended in emergencies.
Point-of-use water treatment (PoUWT), such as boiling or chlorine disinfection, has long been recommended in emergencies.
In order to ensure maximum consumer benefits (e.g.
Emergency water treatment approaches relying on coagulation vary from centralised modular and portable ‘‘kits’’ to ‘‘